Industry

Steel & Metals

Decarbonization in steel hinges on process route shifts (BF-BOF → DRI/EAF), fuel switching (natural gas → green hydrogen), material efficiency (scrap, yield), and electrification. Major challenges include high-capex retrofits, raw-material quality constraints, and real-time factor variability across coke ovens, sinter, and hot metal.

Electric arc furnace and green energy illustration for steel decarbonization

Key drivers & challenges

  • Transition from BF‑BOF to EAF/DRI routes to cut Scope 1 process CO₂.
  • Optimize coke rate, PCI, sinter/PEL and slag chemistry for energy & yield.
  • Increase scrap usage while managing quality; track EAF power intensity.
  • Source low‑carbon electricity; monitor grid factors & on‑site renewables.
  • Meet BRSR/CSRD; align with Worldsteel and GHG Protocol methods.
  • EU CBAM: Carbon border costs on high-emission steel impact export competitiveness; accelerates shift to low-carbon routes (DRI/EAF, green H₂), efficiency, and verified disclosures.
Scope 1
  • BF/BOF off‑gas & combustion (coke ovens, sinter, basic oxygen).
  • DRI reformer fuels; EAF natural gas burners.
  • On‑site mobile & stationary fuel use.
Scope 2
  • Purchased electricity for EAF, casting, rolling.
  • Market vs. location-based factors; REC tracking.
  • Self‑gen/PPAs attribution.
Scope 3 — Upstream
  • Iron ore, pellets, coking coal, limestone factors.
  • Scrap collection/processing emissions.
  • Inbound logistics & contractor fuel.
Scope 3 — Downstream
  • Product transport & distribution.
  • Use‑phase where applicable (e.g., pipelines).
  • End‑of‑life recycling credits.

Compliance & Frameworks

BRSR / SEBI

Automated mapping of emissions, energy, water, and waste indicators with audit trail.

CSRD / ESRS E1–E5

Activity & spend-based support, intensity KPIs (tCO₂e/t crude steel), and scenario-ready notes.

Worldsteel / GHG Protocol

Methodology alignment incl. off‑gas crediting, scrap allocation, and electricity market choices.

Sample Dashboard — Steel Plant

Emissions

tCO₂e (YTD)
1.28M
Scope 1
0.42M
Scope 2
2.10M
Scope 3
Total progress to target (‑30% by 2030)

Process Intensity & Route Mix

tCO₂e/tcs
1.82
▼ 6% YoY
EAF Share
38%
▲ +5 pts
Coke rate
315 kg/tHM
PCI
120 kg/tHM
Scrap ratio
23%

Compliance Status

Audit‑ready
  • BRSR Mapping 100%
  • CSRD ESRS E1 92%
  • Worldsteel Method Aligned
Internal control effectiveness

Energy Mix (Plant Power)

Grid
54%
Renewables
28%
Cogeneration
11%
PPAs
7%

Material Efficiency

Yield (Ladle→Coil)
91.4%
Slag utilization
72%
Water recirc.
88%
Waste heat recovery uptime

Operational Alerts

  • EAF power factor dip Investigate
  • Coke rate > benchmark Action
  • PPA certificate renewal in 30 days Upcoming
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